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 CATEGORY :
Analgesic-Antipyretic.
MECHANISM OF ACTIONS :
The mechanism of
analgesic action has not
been fully determined.
Acetaminophen may act
predominantly by
inhibiting prostaglandin
synthesis in CNS and, to
a lesser extent, through
a peripheral action by
blocking pain-impulse
generation. The
peripheral action may
also be due to
inhibition of
prostaglandin synthesis
or to inhibition of the
synthesis or action of
other substances that
sensitize pain receptors
to mechanical or
chemical stimulation.
Antipyretic action of
Acetaminophen probably
produces antipyresis by
acting centrally on the
hypothalamic
heat-regulating center
to produce peripheral
vasodilation resulting
in increased blood flow
through the skin,
sweating, and heat loss.
The central action
probably involves
inhibition of
prostaglandin synthesis
in the hypothalamus.
PHARMACOKINETICS :
The rate and extent of
absorption from the
suppository dosage form
may vary , depending on
the composition of the
base .
INDICATIONS :
Acetaminophen is used as
an analgesic and
antipyretic in the
presence of Aspirin
allergy, hemostatic
disturbances, bleeding
diatheses, upper GI
disease and gouty
arthritis, variety of
arthritic and rheumatic
conditions involving
musculoskeletal pain,
and other painful
disorders, diseases
accompanied by
discomfort and fever
such as common cold, flu
and other bacterial and
viral infections.
DRUG INTERACTIONS :
Acetaminophen interacts
with alcohol,
Barbiturates ,
Anticoagulants,
Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Acetaminophen interacts
with some laboratory
tests (Glucose blood
determination, 5-HIAA
serum determination,
pancreatic function test
using bentiromide , uric
acid serum
determination, Bilirubin
concentration, lactate
dehydrogenase activity,
prothrombin time).
ADVERSE EFFECTS :
If used as directed,
Acetaminophen rarely
causes severe toxicity
or side effects .The
side effects are usually
mild, though
haematological reactions
have been reported. Skin
rashes and allergic
reactions occur
occasionally . Local
irritation and
occasionally bleeding
may occur with
Acetaminophen
suppositories . |
W A
R N I
N G S
:
• Usage in
pregnancy : Acetaminophen crosses the
placenta . It is routinely used during all
stages of pregnancy .
•
Usage in lactation :
No adverse effects in nursing infants were
reported |
DOSAGE :
Usual adult and
adolescent dose :
Analgesic and
Antipyretic-Rectal , 325
mg to 500 mg every three
hours , 325 to 650 mg
every four hours , or
650 mg to 1 gram every
six hours as needed ,
while symptoms persist .
For short-term therapy (
up to ten days ) – up to
4 grams daily .For
long-term therapy-up to
2.6 grams daily , unless
chronic treatment with
higher doses is
prescribed and monitored
by physician .
Usual pediatric dose :
Analgesic and
Antipyretic : Rectal ,
1.5 grams per square
meter of body surface a
day in divided doses .
For children up to 2
years of age – dosage
must be individualized
by physician . Children
2 to 4 years of age –
Rectal , 160 mg every 4
hours as needed .While
symptoms persist .
Children 4 to 6 years of
age : Rectal , 240 mg
every 4 hours as needed
. While symptoms persist
. Children 6 to 9 years
of age – Rectal , 320 mg
every 4 hours as needed
. While symptoms persist
. Children 9 to 11 years
of age – Rectal , 320 mg
to 400 mg every 4 hours
as needed . While
symptoms persist Children 11 to 12 years
of age – Rectal , 320 mg
to 480 mg every 4 hours
as needed . While
symptoms persist .
NOTE : It is recommended
that children up to 12
years of age receive no
more than 5 doses in
each 24 hours period ,
unless directed by
physician .
HOW SUPPLIED :
Acetaminophen as 125 mg
and 325 mg suppositories
. 10 suppositories in
one box .
STORAGE :
Store below 30º C
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ACETAMINOPHEN SUPPOSITORY 125 mg & 325 mg
ACICLOVIR TOPICAL CREAM 5%
ANTIHEMORRHOID RECTAL OINTMENT & SUPPOSITORY
BENZYDAMINE ORAL
SOLUTION 0.15%
BURN OINTMENT
CALAMINE LOTION 8%
CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE MOUTHWASH 0.05%
CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE TOPICAL GEL 1%
CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATE VAGINAL CREAM 2%
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE TOPICAL CREAM 0.05%
CLOTRIMAZOLE TOPICAL SOLUTION & CREAM 1%
CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL CREAM 1%
HAEMODIALYSIS SOLUTION
HYDROQUINONE TOPICAL CREAM 4%
KETOCONAZOLE TOPICAL CREAM 2%
KETOCONAZOLE SHAMPOO 2%
LINDANE LOTION 1%
MICONAZOLE NITRATE TOPICAL CREAM 2%
MICONAZOLE NITRATE VAGINAL CREAM 2%
MONOBENZONE TOPICAL CREAM 20%
NAPROXEN SUPPOSITORY 500 mg
NITROFURAZONE TOPICAL CREAM 0.2%
PIROXICAM SUPPOSITORY 20 mg
POVIDONE IODINE VAGINAL GEL 10%
POVIDONE IODINE SURGICAL SCRUB 7.5%
POVIDONE IODINE SOLUTION 10%
POVIDONE IODINE VAGINAL DOUCHE 10%
POVIDONE IODINE SHAMPOO 7.5%
SODIUM FLOURIDE MOUTHWASH 0.2%
TERBINAFINE HCL TOPICAL CREAM 1%
TRIPLE SULFA VAGINAL CREAM
VITAMIN A+D OINTMENT |
